Nuclear Non-Proliferation Issue
The
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) is a treaty to limit the spread
of nuclear weapons. The vast majority of sovereign states (189) are
parties to the treaty. The parties to the treaty decided by consensus to
extend the treaty indefinitely and without conditions. However, not all
nuclear powers (those states that have openly tested nuclear weapons)
have ratified the treaty. In addition, one possible nuclear power has
not ratified the treaty, and one self-proclaimed nuclear power has
withdrawn from the NPT.
The treaty has three main pillars:
First pillar: Non-proliferation – Five states are permitted by the NPT to own nuclear weapons: China, France, Russia (originally the Soviet Union), United Kingdom, and the United States. These were the only states possessing such weapons at the time the treaty was opened to signature, and are also the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council. These five Nuclear Weapons States (NWS) agree not to transfer technology for “nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices” to other states, and non-NWS parties agree not to seek or develop nuclear weapons.
Second pillar: Disarmament – The treaty calls for NWS to reduce and liquidate their stockpiles, “...general and complete disarmament under strict and effective international control.” The NWS declare not to “induce any non-nuclear-weapon state to ... acquire nuclear weapons.” A preemptive-strike doctrine and otherwise threatening postures can be viewed as induction by non-NWS parties. The NPT states that any state can withdraw from the treaty if they feel that “extraordinary events” (for example a perceived threat) force them to do so.
Third pillar: The right to peacefully use nuclear technology – Since very few states are willing to completely abandon possession of nuclear fuel for use in energy generation, the third pillar of the NPT provides states with the possibility to develop and use nuclear power, but under conditions intended to make it difficult to develop nuclear weapons. For some states, this third pillar of the NPT (which allows uranium enrichment for fuel reasons) seems to be a major loophole. The treaty gives every state the inalienable right to use nuclear energy for peaceful purposes, and as the commercially popular light water reactor nuclear power station designs use enriched uranium fuel. It follows that states must be allowed to enrich uranium or purchase it on an international market. Peaceful uranium enrichment can arguably be considered a small step away from developing nuclear warheads, and this can be done by withdrawing from the NPT. No state is known to have successfully constructed a nuclear weapon in secret while subjected to NPT inspection.
The question before the conference is: Should nations that are not party to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty be held to the same standards of the signatories and face automatic economic and political sanctions enforced by the United Nations?
The treaty has three main pillars:
First pillar: Non-proliferation – Five states are permitted by the NPT to own nuclear weapons: China, France, Russia (originally the Soviet Union), United Kingdom, and the United States. These were the only states possessing such weapons at the time the treaty was opened to signature, and are also the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council. These five Nuclear Weapons States (NWS) agree not to transfer technology for “nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices” to other states, and non-NWS parties agree not to seek or develop nuclear weapons.
Second pillar: Disarmament – The treaty calls for NWS to reduce and liquidate their stockpiles, “...general and complete disarmament under strict and effective international control.” The NWS declare not to “induce any non-nuclear-weapon state to ... acquire nuclear weapons.” A preemptive-strike doctrine and otherwise threatening postures can be viewed as induction by non-NWS parties. The NPT states that any state can withdraw from the treaty if they feel that “extraordinary events” (for example a perceived threat) force them to do so.
Third pillar: The right to peacefully use nuclear technology – Since very few states are willing to completely abandon possession of nuclear fuel for use in energy generation, the third pillar of the NPT provides states with the possibility to develop and use nuclear power, but under conditions intended to make it difficult to develop nuclear weapons. For some states, this third pillar of the NPT (which allows uranium enrichment for fuel reasons) seems to be a major loophole. The treaty gives every state the inalienable right to use nuclear energy for peaceful purposes, and as the commercially popular light water reactor nuclear power station designs use enriched uranium fuel. It follows that states must be allowed to enrich uranium or purchase it on an international market. Peaceful uranium enrichment can arguably be considered a small step away from developing nuclear warheads, and this can be done by withdrawing from the NPT. No state is known to have successfully constructed a nuclear weapon in secret while subjected to NPT inspection.
The question before the conference is: Should nations that are not party to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty be held to the same standards of the signatories and face automatic economic and political sanctions enforced by the United Nations?
Mia Williams
ReplyDeleteWade Powell
IHS History
Position Paper
21 March 2015
Word Count: 325
India Nuclear Proliferation
As of March 21, 2015, the country of India, supports nuclear weapons, on the issue of Nuclear Proliferation.
Nuclear Proliferation is an important issue for my country, because India is a country that possesses nuclear weapons. India’s nuclear program began on March 1944 and was established by Dr. Homi Bhabha. The idea for establishing nuclear weapons sparked on October 1962, when India lost territory to China in a Himalayan border war. This gave New-Delhi’s government a force to develop nuclear weapons in order to prevent possible Chinese aggression. India is developing a no-first-use policy in order to have minimum deterrence with other countries. This allows nuclear weapons only to be used for deterrence which helps pursue a “retaliation only” policy. India is yet to retaliate on Pakistan with it’s nuclear weapons and stay true to their “no-first use” policy, despite their tension with the country. Having such powerful weapons can be very beneficial, however, India’s government believes that these policies help the country not to retaliate unnecessarily with other countries.
During the Eurasian Conference, I believe that my country should try to talk with smaller countries, as well as countries with developing nuclear programs and find a way to all vote together on this issue. Countries that already possess nuclear weapons are believed to vote a certain way on this issue, however, I believe India should still communicate with these countries to assure their vote on the issue. My opinion is that communicating with countries who agree with us on certain issues could be beneficial to India and the countries that we have communication with. In my opinion, I believe that giving up points for a vote or stating that we will vote with them if they vote with us is dangerous, however having certain agreements could form potential alliances and partnerships for future issues, which will benefit the countries involved.
Celia Moyer
ReplyDeleteChurchill
Powell
Oman
3/31/15
Oman Nuclear Proliferation
As of May 2010, the country of Oman, supports nuclear nonproliferation on the issue of nuclear proliferation.
Oman originally signed the nonproliferation treaty in May of 2010 for nonproliferation and is still in agreement with this decision. Oman wants to cooperate with all countries in the region, limit arms race, enhance trust with everyone, and create an atmosphere of peace which will help the world be a more peaceful place. With nuclear weapons the world is full of fear and anger towards others, but Oman and many other countries want to be peaceful and cooperative. Although nuclear weapons give countries control and protection, countries can gain control in many other peaceful ways. By signing the nuclear nonproliferation treaty, Oman has helped the world be a more peaceful place for all.
We, Oman, believe that the Eurasian Conference should vote in favor of Oman’s views on Nuclear nonproliferation. The use of nuclear weapons just creates terror and violence between countries that should resolve their conflicts in other, more peaceful ways. With the signatures of other countries on the nonproliferation treaty, this will help the world become a more peaceful place for everyone. Overall, Oman believes with nonproliferation of nuclear weapons the conflicts between many countries can resolve without violence and fear of lives.
Works cited:
Oman Tribune.”Sultanate supports nuclear non-proliferation”.
http://www.omantribune.com/index.php?page=news&id=102985&heading=Oman
Dana Morrell
ReplyDeleteMr. Powell
Eurasian Conference Position Paper
April 1, 2015
Germany On Nuclear Proliferation
As of April 2, 2015, the country of Germany supports non-proliferation of nuclear weapons.
Germany is one of the world’s most technologically advanced nations, and with this status comes responsibility. In the years following World War II, Germany has been forced to regain the trust of the world. Perhaps it was with this in mind that the Germans signed the Non-Proliferation Treaty concerning nuclear weapons in 1969, just a year after its creation. As a peaceful, wealthy and modernized nation that is also a member of NATO—an organization which possesses nuclear weapons—Germany would be perfectly happy if no nuclear weapons changed hands in the future.
Nuclear proliferation is an issue for every country, big and small. A nuclear war would not only be a problem for the belligerents, but rather for the planet as a whole. No country should feel comfortable with the unmitigated spread of devices with the capability to end the human race. No country should allow these weapons to fall into the hands of terrorists, or other irresponsible parties. Of the 196 countries in the world, 190 are recognized as parties to the Non-Proliferation Treaty. It is ludicrous to suggest that the issue is unimportant to any nation, and beyond foolish to promote proliferation. It is our responsibility as members of the Eurasian Conference to ensure that these weapons do not fall into the wrong hands.
Sources
Meyer, Oliver. "A Civilian Power Caught between the Lines: Germany and Nuclear Non-proliferation." Berlin Information Center for Transatlantic Security. N.p., 2012. Web. 1 Apr. 2015.
Nötzold, Antje. "The U.S. and German Approach to Non-Proliferation: Influencing States’ Decisions to Acquire Nuclear Weapons." American Institute for Contemporary German Studies. N.p., 1 Nov. 2013. Web. 1 Apr. 2015.
Troy Clendenen
ReplyDeleteMr. Powell
4/1/15
Eurasian Conference Position Paper
Iran - Nuclear Proliferation
As of April 1st, 2015, the country of Iran, supports the idea that each country should get rid of nuclear power for aggressive purposes on the issue of nuclear proliferation.
I think this issue means a lot to our country. There has been many different perspectives and ideas on Iran’s nuclear program. Many of these perspectives are very hostile toward’s our program and have tried to halt its development. The reason being is that they suspect that we have not been honest about our program. However, we believe that we have the right to possess nuclear energy, as we’ve been stressing that it is for peaceful purposes only. That being said, there is still suspicion, mainly from the U.S. and Israel, that Iran is not being completely honest, and a solution is still trying to be formed.
I believe the Eurasian Conference should resolve this issue by limiting the existence of nuclear power for non-peaceful purposes altogether. There are only a few countries that have the right to own nuclear weapons, but everyone can use nuclear power for peaceful purposes. If the idea of having complete restrictions on nuclear weapons becomes a reality, countries could actually be using nuclear power for peaceful purposes. This would occur because the idea of a nuclear race would basically be nonexistent. The countries that own nuclear weapons should get rid of them and enforce powerful sanctions on countries that would be found developing said nuclear weapons. This idea would encourage peaceful use of nuclear power without the idea that another country could attack you with a nuclear weapon.
"Iran Nuclear Crisis: Can Talks Succeed?" BBC News. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Apr. 2015.
Alexander Cordova
ReplyDeleteIHS Global History
Wade Powell
Position Paper
3/31/15
Israel-Nuclear Proliferation
As of 3/31/15, the country of Israel, supports Nuclear Non-Proliferation on the issue of Nuclear Proliferation
Nuclear proliferation is an issue that concerns my country (Israel), and presents a substantial threat to Israel. Countries, like Iran, are attempting to possess or make nuclear weapons. Plus, many of these countries are unstable and contain various terrorist organizations such as ISIS. The reason nuclear proliferation is a threat, is because of how the balance of power would shift, and some countries cannot protect their nuclear weapons from being stolen by violent terror groups. My country is not the most popular in the region and if our enemies had access to nuclear weapons, then they would not hesitate to use them on us. In short: what Nuclear Proliferation means to us, is that anyone, no matter who they are or what their motive is, will have access to nuclear weapons of mass destruction.
The Eurasian Conference should resolve this issue by making countries that are known to possess nuclear weapons/materials sign the Non-Nuclear Proliferation Treaty. If it is not known that a country has nuclear devices or weapons, then they should be coerced into signing it anyway. This would, hopefully, keep nuclear weapons from being spread around the world like grain, to whomever wants one. It is especially important in this chaotic world of today, that countries should think about the consequences of purchasing and/or selling of nuclear devices. The Conference should address this issue with the consequences in mind and know that it isn't some sort of drug that we're dealing with the spread of. It's the spread of a weapon of mass destruction.
Works Cited:
Nuclear Weapons: Who Has What
http://www.armscontrol.org/factsheets/Nuclearweaponswhohaswhat
Elijah Bastida-Llamas
ReplyDelete4/1/15
Joanne Heidel
Position Paper
Nuclear Proliferation: Egypt
As of April 1st, 2015, the country of Egypt supports the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons on the issue of Nuclear Proliferation
In the Middle East, nuclear proliferation can be a particularly sensitive topic. In an area with so much conflict, the addition of nuclear weapons could prove catastrophic. Fortunately, Egypt is a member of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation treaty; an international treaty whose aim is to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons. Although once suspected of harboring nuclear weapons ambitions, Egypt is now the leading proponent of establishing a Zone Free of Weapons of Mass Destruction in the Middle East. Egypt does however operate two small research reactors that are being used in an effort to acquire nuclear power reactors. In contrast to the views of Egypt’s government, many people in Egypt support other countries developing nuclear weapons; specifically Iran. In a study done by Greenberg Quinlan Rosner Research, 61 percent of Egyptian people support Iran developing Nuclear weapons. Overall, the differences of opinion between Egypt’s public and its government make nuclear proliferation an important topic of discussion at the Eurasian Conference.
The Eurasian conference could be instrumental in resolving this issue for many reasons. First of all, it could give Egypt a chance to spread its message to other Middle Eastern countries, some of which have not signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. This is important because without this treaty effectively prevents the chance of a nuclear war in the Middle East, which would be catastrophic for all parties involved. Secondly, the Eurasian conference could assist in solving this issue by allowing Egypt to make it clear that it fully intends to separate its research into nuclear power from any kind of research into developing nuclear weapons. Lastly, this conference could allow Egypt to show that although many of its citizens support the development of nuclear weapons, Egypt perceives the development of nuclear weapons as counter to its national interests.
Works Cited:
"Profile for Egypt | NTI." NTI: Nuclear Threat Initiative. James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies, 1 July 2013. Web. 1 Apr. 2015.
"Egyptians Support Iranian Nuclear Program, Want Own Nuclear Weapons." The Israel Project. Web. 1 Apr. 2015.
Henry Fisher
ReplyDelete4/1/15
Miss Heidel
Position Paper
Cyprus On Nuclear Proliferation
As of 4/1/15, Cyprus is in support of bans and sanctions on nuclear proliferation.
Nuclear proliferation is an issue which is important to Cyprus for a number of reasons. One, Cyprus is part of the European Union, which takes a strong stance against nuclear proliferation. Cyprus is very dependent on the European Union for its trade, economy, diplomatic relations, and looks to it for many of its policies. Cyprus sides with the European Union on most issues, due to the fact that if Cyprus were kicked out of the European Union, it would begin to struggle hugely. Second, Cyprus has had a history fraught with conflict involving Turkey, with an occupation and war fought over territories, and to this day, there remains a large rift between Greek and Turkish Cypriots, with many suggesting a two state solution. This pertains to Cyprus’s position because Turkey is allied with Iran, a country currently attempting to develop nuclear weapons, with a religiously radicalized government. Turkish Cypriots are typically muslim, and if Iran or Turkey were to acquire nuclear weapons, it may tempt the Turks to use them. Cyprus is opposed to this because it is opposed to the mass bloodshed that may occur if nuclear weapons were fired, and believes this outweighs any ethnic conflicts which may exist.
The Eurasian conference should resolve this issue according to Cyprus’s view because in any foreseeable situation, a full scale nuclear has has no positive outcomes. Cyprus believes that this moral framework, taken in conjunction with the aforementioned conflict that could occur between Turkey and Cyprus, should show that swift action should be taken regarding nuclear weapons. Furthermore, it is clear that some of the countries pursuing nuclear weapons engage in state sponsored terrorism, such as Iran and North Korea. If any countries oppose this viewpoint, than they support the possibilities of a nuclear holocaust, extinction of the human race, and the use of a nuclear weapon on a densely populated area, such as the events that occurred in Japan during WWII. Cyprus believes that this is sufficient evidence to support a ban on nuclear proliferation, and extreme economic sanctions and/or potential military action on any country which does not comply.
Works Cited:
"Acronym Institute for Disarmament Diplomacy." CYPRUS. Web. 2 Apr. 2015.
Sedonah Breech
ReplyDeleteSEHS IHS Global History
Position Paper
Word Count: 352
Georgia and Nuclear Proliferation
As of June 1, 2014, the country of Georgia, supports nuclear nonproliferation on the issue of nuclear proliferation.
This issue has brought to attention Georgia’s struggles to combat the illicit trafficking of nuclear and radiological materials. Concerning the production and operation of nuclear reactors, there is no evidence that we hold or are intending to build chemical weapons. This reduces some of the concerns regarding our national security. Because of our geography, unsecured borders, internal conflict and corruption, we have become a key transport point for legal and illegal materials. Approximately one half of Georgia's 310 km Black Sea coastline is located in Abkhazia, and is not monitored by Georgian authorities. The United States has contributed millions of dollars into training, equipment, and funding to improve export and import border control systems. Although these programs and administrations have strengthened our outer borders, infiltration is still problematic. As a small independent country surrounded by military powers, Georgia is doing what it can to reduce the spread of nuclear proliferation.
The Eurasian conference should resolve this issue according to Georgia’s understanding because we strive to reduce nuclear waste and are establishing our own foundation of renewable energy making us a more energy efficient country. Although the possession of nuclear weapons reduces the chances of smaller wars, those wars would be meaningless if a nuclear war began. Nuclear proliferation is dangerous and has a great risk of causing catastrophic outcomes or accidental launches. Georgia does not want a spread of nuclear weapons and instead would like to create hydro power plants and be a self sustaining country. Furthermore, we are a non-nuclear weapon state party to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) and the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT), and we have an Additional Protocol in force with the International Atomic Energy Agency. The eurasian conference should choose Georgia’s view because we believe in protecting our citizens from harmful weapons, diseases, and wars as well as putting our money and attention into better sustainability and quality of living.
Works cited:
Alexander Kupatadze, "Organized Crime and the Trafficking of Radiological Materials: The Case of Georgia," The Nonproliferation Review, Vol. 17, July 2010, p. 220.
Cassady B. Craft, Suzette R. Grillot, and Liam Anderson, "The Dangerous Ground: Nonproliferation Export-Control Development in the Southern Tier of the Former Soviet Union,"Problems of Post-Communism, Vol. 47, November/December 2000, pp. 39-51.
James Martin Center, “Profile for Georgia | NTI.” NTI: Nuclear Threat Initiative. 1 June 2014. Web. 1 April. 2015.
Jacob Harold
ReplyDeleteMr Yamada
3/30/15
Nuclear Proliferation Position Paper
Spain’s Nuclear Proliferation Opinions
As of March 30th, 2015, the country of Spain, supports against the issue of nuclear proliferation.
The country of Spain thinks that the concept of the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty or NPT, is a good idea. Spain uses seven nuclear power plants that generate a fifth of the countries electricity. Spain uses this as clean and efficient energy source to power the public need. Our country has association with countries that have nuclear weapons, but Spain itself does not have any nuclear weapons. Spain signed the NPT in 1987 and has been encouraging other countries to do the same since. Spain is affected the same way every other country is affected by countries that have not signed the NPT and still have nuclear weapons to use. Countries that don’t sign the NPT treaty are at risk of hurting others or themselves, whether a nuclear launch would be intentional or accidental. Spain was the 136th country to sign the NPT treaty, but they encourage other countries to sign as if they were the first. Spain sees the proliferation of nuclear arms and missiles as an issue that needs to be dealt with as soon as possible. There are already countries at war that we are trying to stop. If a warring nation got possession of such WMD’s (Weapons of Mass Destruction) we could be dealing with an irreversible crisis that could not be fixed, no matter what we tried to do about it.
Spain asks the nations of the Eurasian conference to take the liberty of banning nuclear weapons, because no one wants to live with another Hirosima and Nagasaki. The world must see that nuclear weaponry should be used as a source of energy and not a weapon to use against each other. We must - all of us - must make our planet free from nuclear weapons. People have said that they only reason we have nuclear weapons now is to use them as a deterrent, a deterrent for what? To see who pushes the big red button first and who get bombed to atoms first and who gets bombed last? Countries of the globe, you must see that these WMD’s will be our doom if we do not do something about it. It We already have enough bombs to destroy the Earth a couple times over. If nuclear bombs were placed in the right spots they could unleash ten times the damage they were meant for. Say you take a 20 kiloton bomb and drop and it into a dormant volcano. That volcano would erupt and cause a nuclear winter for over one hundred years that would cover the entire United States. Not only that, but other dormant volcanoes would erupt as well, creating massive earthquakes and causing immeasurable amounts of damage. Everything downwind of the explosion would be killed by the radiation as well, if a hydrogen bomb went off in San Francisco, the radiation could be carried all the way to the east coast, killing everything in it’s path. Now to remind you, this is one bomb. Altogether, the world has approximately sixteen-thousand bombs that each have different amounts of energy. None of this has to happen though. This crisis is completely and one-hundred percent avoidable as long as we safely remove these nuclear weapons. We can use nuclear energy as a valuable resource to fertilize and grow our civilization or an axe to cut all of the down and all that we have accomplished. The choice is up to us, the nations of the world and the Eurasian conference.
Maize Bianchi
ReplyDeleteJoanne Heidel
Position Paper
IHS Global History
4/1/15
Poland- Nuclear Proliferation
Currently, Poland has the largest coal reserve in the EU, and the country mainly relies on coal for their energy. Even though the cost of coal is cheap, the cost of coal affecting the air quality of the environment is not. The Nuclear Proliferation idea is supported by Poland simply just for nuclear power. Poland does not have any interests in nuclear weapons or weapons of mass destruction. They only want to have nuclear power plants because they are much more environmentally friendly than burning of fossil fuels for energy. Also, it provides very reliable energy and it is almost as cheap as coal. Poland’s other energy sources, mainly gas, comes from other countries like Russia. About ⅔ of Poland’s gas supply comes from Russia, and Poland would rather not support Russia. Poland is looking forward to building a nuclear power plant for themselves, so that they do not have to rely on other countries for energy. Also because power plants provide jobs, accidents rarely happen, and it is safer to obtain the materials necessary, while coal is dangerous to mine for. Poland hopes to have a nuclear power plant by the year 2025. In addition to that, Poland also wants to have a stake in a new nuclear power plant in Lithuania.
Works Cited:
Kulczynski, D.W. “Planning for a Nuclear Poland.” March 2015. Web. 1 April 2015
Maize Bianchi
ReplyDeleteJoanne Heidel
Position Paper
IHS Global History
4/1/15
Poland- Nuclear Proliferation
Currently, Poland has the largest coal reserve in the EU, and the country mainly relies on coal for their energy. Even though the cost of coal is cheap, the cost of coal affecting the air quality of the environment is not. The Nuclear Proliferation idea is supported by Poland simply just for nuclear power. Poland does not have any interests in nuclear weapons or weapons of mass destruction. They only want to have nuclear power plants because they are much more environmentally friendly than burning of fossil fuels for energy. Also, it provides very reliable energy and it is almost as cheap as coal. Poland’s other energy sources, mainly gas, comes from other countries like Russia. About ⅔ of Poland’s gas supply comes from Russia, and Poland would rather not support Russia. Poland is looking forward to building a nuclear power plant for themselves, so that they do not have to rely on other countries for energy. Also because power plants provide jobs, accidents rarely happen, and it is safer to obtain the materials necessary, while coal is dangerous to mine for. Poland hopes to have a nuclear power plant by the year 2025. In addition to that, Poland also wants to have a stake in a new nuclear power plant in Lithuania.
Poland would like the countries of the EU to take notice of the positive attributes which Nuclear Proliferation has to offer. I believe that there should not be an over-abundance of nuclear power plants, because there are much cleaner ways of harnessing energy that produce no toxic waste. Poland is hopeful for the building of a nuclear power plant, and they do need a more efficient, cleaner way of energy than coal. In addition to this request, Poland also asks Lithuania for a stake of their nuclear energy plant while Poland’s power plant is being planned and built.
Kulczynski, D.W. “Planning for a Nuclear Poland.” March 2015. Web. 1 April 2015
Maize Bianchi
ReplyDeleteJoanne Heidel
Position Paper
IHS Global History
4/1/15
Poland- Nuclear Proliferation
Currently, Poland has the largest coal reserve in the EU, and the country mainly relies on coal for their energy. Even though the cost of coal is cheap, the cost of coal affecting the air quality of the environment is not. The Nuclear Proliferation idea is supported by Poland simply just for nuclear power. Poland does not have any interests in nuclear weapons or weapons of mass destruction. They only want to have nuclear power plants because they are much more environmentally friendly than burning of fossil fuels for energy. Also, it provides very reliable energy and it is almost as cheap as coal. Poland’s other energy sources, mainly gas, comes from other countries like Russia. About ⅔ of Poland’s gas supply comes from Russia, and Poland would rather not support Russia. Poland is looking forward to building a nuclear power plant for themselves, so that they do not have to rely on other countries for energy. Also because power plants provide jobs, accidents rarely happen, and it is safer to obtain the materials necessary, while coal is dangerous to mine for. Poland hopes to have a nuclear power plant by the year 2025. In addition to that, Poland also wants to have a stake in a new nuclear power plant in Lithuania.
Poland would like the countries of the EU to take notice of the positive attributes which Nuclear Proliferation has to offer. I believe that there should not be an over-abundance of nuclear power plants, because there are much cleaner ways of harnessing energy that produce no toxic waste. Poland is hopeful for the building of a nuclear power plant, and they do need a more efficient, cleaner way of energy than coal. In addition to this request, Poland also asks Lithuania for a stake of their nuclear energy plant while Poland’s power plant is being planned and built.
Kulczynski, D.W. “Planning for a Nuclear Poland.” March 2015. Web. 1 April 2015
Meridien Howe
ReplyDeleteMr. Yamada
Position Paper
April 1, 2015
Nuclear Non-Proliferation in South Korea
As of 2015 the country of South Korea does support nuclear non-proliferation.
Nuclear proliferation is the spread of nuclear weapons and weapon-applicable nuclear technology to nations not recognized as "Nuclear Weapon States" by the Treaty on the Non-proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, also known as the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty or NPT. South Korea’s new president, Park Geun-hye, has not endorsed any effort in his country to become a nuclear power. South Korea has no plan to develop a nuclear weapons program. Pursuing nuclear weapons would threaten the economically profitable relationship with the United States. South Korea is not developing nuclear weapons and has not for over 40 years, they have the right to produce nuclear fuel to feed their civil nuclear program. Nuclear exportations are a significant part of South Koreas economic success. South Korea has strong reasons to keep their agreement in the Non-proliferation treaty. In addition to jeopardizing U.S. trade agreements by pursuing nuclear weapons development, South Korea would also risk losing support of American military forces. Seoul has recently taken a lead role in global non-proliferation efforts. They joined the Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI) in 2009. Since 2007, Seoul has been an active member in the U.S. led Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism. This group focuses on identifying and preventing nuclear terrorism. South Korea should be supported and congratulated for its recent non-proliferation initiatives, which shows they are acting responsibly with their global nuclear exportations. The world should support their efforts.
Although South Koreas recent leadership role in nuclear non-proliferation is a positive step in the right direction, the world should be cautious and take a stronger role in sanctioning South Korea’s efforts to develop spent fuel processes. South Korea’s preferred treatment for processing spent fuel from their nuclear reactors is a risky, it is difficult to safeguard, and could allow the distribution of sensitive nuclear materials. The process used to deal with spent fuel can impact the denuclearization pact. Because South Korea has other capabilities such as missile technology, this brings greater risk of the building of a nuclear weapon at a fast rate. Additionally, South Korea has agreements with United Arab Emirates for 20 billion to export nuclear reactors and has the goal of capturing 20 percent or the world market by 2030. These agreements will create a larger need for spent fuel processing and caution needs to be used by the US and the world when addressing the issues surrounding the handling of this waste.
Citations
Iglauer, Philip. "Nuclear Weapons for South Korea." The Diplomat. 2014. Web. 1 Apr. 2015.
Kane, Chen, Lieggi C. Stephanie, and Pomper A. Miles. "Arms Control Today." Time for Leadership. 2009. Web. 1 Apr. 2015.
NA, . "Nuclear Proliferation Law and Legal Definitions ." Web. 1 Apr. 2015.
Sanger, David E. "In U.S., South Korean Makes Case for Nuclear Arms." The New York Times. 2013. Web. 1 Apr. 2015.
Spencer, Jack. "Backgrounder." TheHeritage Foundation. 2013. Web. 1 Apr. 2015.
Benjamin Liu-May
ReplyDeleteJoanne Heidel
Global History
Position Paper
3/31/15
Jordan-Nuclear Proliferation
As of July 31st, the country of Jordan, supports the Treaty of Non-Proliferation on the issue of Nuclear Proliferation. Jordan is a non-nuclear weapon state party to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), and does not house any nuclear weapons. In 1998, Jordan was the first country in the Middle East to adopt the Additional Protocol to its Comprehensive Safeguards Agreement, which allows the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) extra inspection privileges. Jordan uses all nuclear power towards electricity, and Jordanian officials currently hope to receive 30% of their countrywide electricity comes from nuclear power. Jordan is also in the process of negotiating a nuclear cooperation agreement with the United States, and has concluded nuclear cooperation agreements with Argentina, Canada, China, France, Italy, Japan, Romania, Russia, Spain, South Korea, Turkey, and the United Kingdom.
Currently, countries like North Korea have nuclear weapons capable of reaching areas as far as the west coast of the U.S. but the issue extends further than just the United States. WIth the thirty or more countries with the technological ability to acquire weapons of mass destruction, all countries in the near vicinity are put at a higher risk due to sensitive relationships with their neighboring countries. Any high tensions between governments with access to nuclear weapons could eventually lead to a worldwide nuclear war. Nuclear weapons falling into a rogue nations hands is not an option, and Jordan is promoting the prohibition of production of nuclear weapons, and supports nuclear non-proliferation.
Work Cited:
"NTI: Nuclear Threat Initiative." Profile for Jordan | NTI. Web. 3 Apr. 2015. .
Josefina Hajek
ReplyDelete4/1/2015
Joanne Heidel
Position Paper
Nuclear Proliferation: Iraq
As of April 1st, 2015 the country of Iraq supports Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty.
Even though Iraq signed NPT the same year that it was open to be signed, in the year 1991 Iraq violated the NPT rules and the UN board forced Iraq to hand in their nuclear weapons program to the IAEA safeguards. After the 1991 discovery, the UN council has been keeping a close watch on Iraq but also the Iraqi government is making sure that they don’t violate it’s NPT and safeguards obligations.Since Iraq is being closely watched, all other countries should also be put under the same close eye. This treaty is important to Iraq because since Iraq has gotten rid of all their nuclear establishments, they believe that all other countries should too. The only way for the system to work is if no countries have a hold of nuclear establishments.
Iraq agrees with the proposal that countries that have not agreed to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty should still be held to the same standards of the signatories enforced by the United Nations. A majority of the United Nations has already agreed to the terms of this treaty, and without all countries agreeing, many countries are at stake. Unless countries like India, Pakistan, South Sudan and Israel agree to sign the treaty, the UN should enforce economic and political sanctions on them.
Works Cited:
"Nuclear Proliferation Case Studies." World Nuclear Association. N.P., 5 Nov. 2014. Web. 31 Mar. 2015.
"TREATY ON THE NON-PROLIFERATION OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS (NPT)." Audiovisual Library of International Law. N.P., 5 Apr. 2013. Web. 31 Mar. 2015.
Kyung Jin KIm
ReplyDeleteApril 2, 2015
Joanne Heidel
Position Paper
Nuclear Proliferation: Afghanistan
As of April 3, 2015, the nation of Afghanistan is against Nuclear Proliferation.The nation of Afghanistan fears the destruction that come from nuclear weapons, so the nation of Afghanistan feels threatened by being between two nations, Pakistan and Iran, with the potential to have nuclear weapons that could be used against other nations. The nuclear proliferation causes Afghanistan to fear nations with nuclear weapons or nuclear weapons potential due to Afghanistan’s young military. This nation is currently fighting the Taliban, so Afghanistan doesn’t need more potential endangerments to worry about. However if the United States feel as though Iran is a potential ally for both the United States and Afghanistan, Afghanistan will embrace Iran’s friendship and help, and Afghanistan will allow Iran to have the potential for nuclear weapons. Overall, Afghanistan is against nuclear proliferation unless it somehow benefits this striving nation.
Since 1946 the 24th of January, the first very first resolution of the United Nations General Assembly called for the disarmament of nuclear weapons. Therefore nations in the UN should already agree to the disarmament of nuclear weapons once again. Nuclear weapons are too dangerous to have around and they do not help anyone other than allow a standing of power over other nations. In this Eurasian Conference, all nations should sign the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, so no harm or unnecessary speculation will occur in the future. Afghanistan has a young potential military and feels threatened by nations with nuclear weapons, so Afghanistan hopes other nations like North Korea and Israel will consider signing the treaty.
Work Cited
"Weapons of Mass Destruction." Opposing Viewpoints Online Collection. Detroit: Gale, 2015. Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 3 Apr. 2015.
Kai Roberts
ReplyDeleteJoanne Heidel
World History
2 April 2015
France, Nuclear Proliferation: As of April 2, 2015 the Country of France Supports Non-proliferation on the Issue of Nuclear Proliferation
France supports the guidelines set by the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. The treaty defines nuclear non-proliferation as, “preventing the spread of nuclear weapons and weapons technology, promoting cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy and to further the goal of achieving nuclear disarmament and general and complete disarmament” (United Nations). To accomplish these goals the French delegation strongly suggests that all countries not recognised as a nuclear weapon state under the non-proliferation treaty immediately and completely disarm their nuclear weapons programs or face political consequences. Instead, consider investing in nuclear energy production and technology to create safe, clean energy. Finally, France would like to encourage discussion between the five nuclear weapon states to completely disarm all nuclear weapons for a safer world(Kimball).
The Eurasian Conference should resolve nuclear proliferation by following the French guidelines because this will lead to a peaceful, cooperative international community. We encourage the international community to pressure the following countries to relinquish their weapons of mass destruction: India, Pakistan, Israel, and North Korea (Nuclear Arsenals). By furthering this goal we prevent a potential global catastrophe. Secondarily, this will lessen tensions between countries near these states by removing their nuclear weapons. Next, France would like to support nuclear energy as a way to sustainably and safely satisfy the world's growing energy needs. Third, France would like to stimulate negotiations by the nuclear weapon states to completely disarm the world of nuclear weapons to secure the safety of the future. These reasons are why the French delegation strongly urges countries to vote for nuclear non-proliferation.
Works Cited
United Nations. United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs. Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT). N.p.: n.p., n.d. Print.
Kimball, Daryl, and Kelsey Davenport. "Nuclear Weapons: Who Has What at a Glance." Arms Control Association. N.p., 23 June 2014. Web. 02 Apr. 2015.
"Nuclear Arsenals." International Campaign To Abolish Nuclear Weapons. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Apr. 2015.
Edward Colcord
ReplyDeleteIHS Global History
Position Paper
April 2nd, 2015
Word Count: 317
Kuwait’s Position on Nuclear Non Proliferation
Kuwait officials originally wanted to build 4 nuclear reactors to generate power in 2022. These plans were scrapped when leaders decided it was best to avoid nuclear energy in 2010, and directly after they signed the Non Nuclear Proliferation treaty. Kuwait has always been reliant on it’s oil, and has made many enemies by trying to hold on to it. Kuwait spends more than 5 percent their budget on defense (more than it sounds). Kuwait has a history of being attacked by it’s surrounding countries, and should nuclear power fall into the enemy’s hands, Kuwaiti leaders would fear for their lives. I think that Kuwait’s decision to sign the treaty and stop it’s own nuclear program was out of fear of being invaded just as they were in 1993. Also, stopping the spread of nuclear energy means more people will rely on natural gas & oil for power, something we have in great abundance.
The western world has great fear of nuclear power in the Middle East, most due to the media, although there are still questionable groups in control of great parts of the middle east. If Nuclear power goes to Iran and Ira0q, not only Kuwait would be afraid of attack. The only countries besides the countries which obtain nuclear power would be the western countries building and taxing them, otherwise countries would have less chances to sell coal and other dirty fuels to those in need of less and less. If a countries’ economy benefits from mining coal or obtaining oil, in the long run this could not only endanger lives, but also economies & businesses.
Works Cited
Lewis , Johnson A. "Kuwait Mlitary Budget." Global Security.Org. Web. 1 Jan.
Grey, Robert T. "Nuclear Proliferation in the Middle East." Jewish Virtual Library. American Israeli Corporation, Web. 1 Jan.
(position paper already posted)
ReplyDeleteWorks Cited
"India and Weapons of Mass Destruction." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, n.d. Web. 04 Apr. 2015. .
"Nuclear Weapons." - India Nuclear Forces. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Apr. 2015. .
Naomi Warner
ReplyDeleteApril 4th, 2015
Mr. Kuzma
Thailand - Nuclear Proliferation
As of April 5th, 2015, the country of Thailand, supports nuclear non-proliferation on the issue of nuclear proliferation.
Thailand has been a model adherent to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, with absolutely no desire to use nuclear power as weapons. Not only does Thailand support the disarmament of nuclear weapons, but also weapons of mass destruction and all conventional weapons. With this goal in mind, the first step is to eliminate all non-peaceful use of nuclear power. This being said, nuclear power does not have to be abandoned, but should be used only for the stimulation and growth of this world’s many countries. Thailand has notable hopes and expectations for themselves as well as for the rest of the world, this is all backed by a goal to preserve the future for generations to come.
Our world is enveloped in destruction and danger; in order to end both of these unpleasant problems we must strive to give up the absolute power that nuclear weapons offer. Since the world is inhabited by approximately seven billion people, and countless other organisms, no one should be able to determine the fate of our planet when the choices are either survival or complete destruction. Once we have banned the use of these weapons, we will at once feel a greater sense of safety surround us. As we release the use of more and more weapons, we will experience alliances founded upon productivity and creation, rather than only mutual protection.
Works Cited
Delete"Thailand and Disarmament - Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Kingdom of Thailand." Thailand and Disarmament - Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Kingdom of Thailand. Web. 5 Apr. 2015. <http://www.mfa.go.th/main/en/world/19471-Thailand-and-Disarmament.html>.
"Thailand Faces up to Non-proliferation Challenges." Thailand Faces up to Non-proliferation Challenges. Web. 5 Apr. 2015. <http://www.nationmultimedia.com/home/2010/03/29/opinion/Thailand-faces-up-to-non-proliferation-challenges-30125790.html>.
Aaron Reynolds
ReplyDeleteMr. Kuzma
3/30/2015
Position Paper
Nuclear Non-Proliferation in Syria
As of 1969, the country of Syria is in favor of nuclear non-proliferation.
When the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty was opened for signing in 1968, Syria was among the first countries to sign it and soon after in 1969 they ratified it. Syria has sought many times to gain access to power generation via nuclear reactors with mixed results. Syria lacks the required infrastructure to build and maintain a nuclear reactor on it’s own so external assistance is required. Syria first reached out to the USSR, Belgium, Switzerland, and France for assistance. A French firm agreed to help Syria but the French were worried about payment from the Syrians so Syria then turned to the USSR for assistance but discussions were scrapped due to financial disagreements. Syria then reached out to Argentina and India for assistance but both negotiations ended due to pressure from the U.S. and Israel. Syria later turned to China for help and again had limited results ultimately leading to failure. In 2007 the U.S. and Israel conducted air strikes destroying an alleged plutonium enrichment facility in Syria. The Syrian government denied that the facility was nuclear in nature. Nuclear Non-Proliferation has a lengthy history in Syria. Even though Syria has signed the NPT, they have been rejected access to peaceful nuclear power production.
The Eurasian Conference should vote in favor of Nuclear Non-Proliferation because any state not party to the NPT that constructs/obtains nuclear weapons is potentially unpredictable and is operating outside the realm of international law and should be punished for doing so. There isn’t anything that sets non-signatories apart from signatories in terms of their need for nuclear weapons. Having nuclear weapons in the hands of dangerous leaders is something that nobody in their right mind wants. It only adds unneeded tension to the world. The NPT would inhibit the start of unnecessary and potentially catastrophic nuclear war. Voting in favor of the NPT would be one further step in creating world peace.
Works Cited:
"Profile for Syria | NTI." NTI: Nuclear Threat Initiative. 1 Aug. 2014. Web. 5 Apr. 2015. .
Noah Serdar
ReplyDeleteJoanne Heidel
3/31/15
India
Nuclear Proliferation
As of March 31, 2015, the country of India supports that countries should not be sanctioned based on the NPT treaty with regards to the issue of nuclear proliferation.
Since its independence, India has attempted to work towards a nuclear program. Now, India has reached nuclear capacity, and wishes to keep nuclear weaponry. India believes that they should be able to possess such weapons for the sake of defence, keeping with a no-first-use policy. This means that India would not use nuclear weapons as offence, only in defensive measures. India would not want countries to be sanctioned based on the NPT treaty, but also does not want more countries to develop nuclear weapons. Even though India wants to keep their own weaponry, they do not want more neighboring countries, such as Pakistan to have nuclear capacity.
We believe that the Eurasian Conference should attempt to solve the issue of nuclear proliferation by relaxing sanctions on non-signatory states. Each country is given a choice on the treaty, and it shouldn’t be up to the rest of the world to control the affairs of other countries, as long as it is not causing harm in the world. India’s nuclear program is not something to be used for aggressive wars, but rather a defence measure. Countries should be able to defend themselves with what means are available, and fear reprimand from the rest of the world for doing so. If there are states which can possess nuclear weaponry within the bounds of the treaty, then those outside should not be subject to punishment. If a country attempts or plans to use nuclear weapons for aggression or terrorism, then they should be subject to the treaty, including economic and political sanctions. Nuclear weapons themselves are not malicious things, but rather the intent with which they are used.
Works Cited
"The Case for India's Nuclear Weapons." The National Interest. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Mar. 2015.
"World Nuclear Association." India, China and the Non Proliferation Treaty (NPT). N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Mar. 2015.
Winter Rennaker
ReplyDeleteSection 15
Mr. Yamada
World History
Nuclear Proliferation in Kyrgyzstan
As of March 30th 2015 the Country of Kyrgyzstan supports on the issue of Nuclear Proliferation.
Nuclear Proliferation is the spread of nuclear weapons, materials, technology and information. Kyrgyzstan has signed a treaty against nuclear weapons along other states in central Asia that surround them: Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. This treaty declares a Nuclear Weapon Free Zone. The signing of the treaty is a strong statement for nonproliferation and helps the country ensure global security. Kyrgyzstan is not a particularly strong country when it comes to defending themselves or fighting against other countries, so it is in their best interest to try to remain peaceful. Preventing nuclear activity does just this. Kyrgyzstan is taking strong steps toward nuclear nonproliferation and this will help to not only have a safer country, but work towards a safer world.
The Eurasian Conference should resolve this issue by voting for more Nuclear Weapon Free Zones. Nuclear weapons are deadly and unnecessary all around the world. Fighting for nuclear nonproliferation is working towards a more peaceful world. The countries that originally signed the CANWFZ treaty: Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan would vote with Kyrgyzstan on this issue. There are also four more Nuclear Free Zones in the world involving other countries. Agreeing on this issue can bring countries together. There was objections from powerful countries such as the U.S.A., Great Britain, France, Russia, and China. Taking a stand among these countries is a powerful statement towards nuclear nonproliferation. Voting for Nuclear Weapon Free Zones is a good way to remain peaceful and for countries to join together at the Eurasian Conference.
Works Cited
"Caspian Oil and Gas: Looking to exit Kyrgyzstan." Rogtecmagazine.com. 30 April 2013. Web. 18 Feb. 2015
Miranda Neale
ReplyDeleteWade Powell
IHS history
Position Paper
4/12/15
Pakistan nuclear proliferation
As of April 12th, 2015, the country of Pakistan, supports nuclear weapons on the issue of nuclear proliferation. Pakistan is one of the few countries that has not signed the NPT treaty. Therefor Pakistan supports the Proliferation of Nuclear weapons. Pakistan has conducted 5 successful nuclear tests in May of 1998. Indias testing of nuclear weapons had added momentum to Pakistan conducting nuclear tests. Sense Pakistan has started making nuclear weapons the country has quickly been becoming the fastest growing nuclear program, which is alarming many other countries. Pakistani officials have said that the reason for the buildup is because of threats from neighboring countries. Pakistani's see the sudden growth of nuclear weapons as a strategic necessity, all though it is extremely dangerous.
We, as in Pakistan, believe that the Eurasian Conference should vote in favor of nuclear proliferation. Nuclear weapons provide comfort and defense towards Pakistan, involving countries we do not have good relations with. We believe that my country should communicate with other middle eastern countries that possess nuclear weapons and vote together on this issue. Communicating with other countries involving this issue is the only way to go considering few countries will vote for this issue other than Pakistan. This issue will help my country to form allies but may also create some enemies.
Works Cited
"Pakistan Nuclear Weapons." Pakistan Nuclear Weapons. N.p., 11 Dec. 2002. Web. 12 Apr. 2015. .
Anna Baird
ReplyDeleteMr. Yamada
IHS History
Eurasian Conference
Position Paper
Japan Nuclear Proliferation Issues
As of April 2015, the country of Japan supports nuclear non-proliferation.
Japan is a member and strong supporter of all the nuclear non-proliferation treaties and regimes. They have been in agreement with the nuclear non proliferation programs since after World War 2. Japan has never developed a nuclear weapons program of their own either. Japan has, as its basic policy, opted for contributing to world peace and prosperity instead of becoming a military power. Japan believes that war threatens our lives and prosperity, destroys our well-being and cultures, and causes many tragedies on the world. Japan’s main priority is to contribute to world peace and work towards the destruction of nuclear weaponry. Japan is also working towards promoting cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, and to further the goal of achieving nuclear disarmament.
The Eurasian Conference should solve the issue on nuclear proliferation according to Japan’s ideas. Nuclear weapons haven’t done any country any good. They have caused violence and terror to many countries and innocent people. As Japan, we believe that countries with nuclear weapons should sign the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty and use their nuclear power for energy purposes only. Signing the treaty would put everyone on the track to a more peaceful and understanding point of view on this issue. This is important because without the treaty, the chance of a nuclear war in the Middle East is very likely in the near future. Overall, Japan believes that nuclear non proliferation is a must if the world wants to be able to deal with problems without fear, violence, and terror.
Works Cited
"Profile for Japan | NTI." NTI: Nuclear Threat Initiative. N.p., Nov. 2014. Web. 4 Apr. 2015.
Holmes, James R. "Japan: Joining the Nuclear Weapons Club?" The Diplomat. N.p., 22 Oct. 2012. Web.
Natasha McMillian
ReplyDeleteMr. Yamada
Section 11
April 7th, 2015
Position Paper
As of September 8, 2011, the country of Turkmenistan, supports the destruction of nuclear weapons on the issue of Nuclear Proliferation.
Turkmenistan is one of five counties apart of the Central Asian Nuclear War Free Zone treaty. This treaty states that none of the countries are to possess, manufacture, test, or acquire nuclear weapons. Also being party to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation, they believe the states that have not signed the NPT should be held to the same standards as those who have signed it, along with facing economic and political sanctions enforced by the United Nations. Turkmenistan also signed the Protocol to the treaty to ensure that nuclear weapons cannot be used against members of the CANWFZ treaty.
Resolving this issue at the conference would do a great deed to Central Asian countries because they are located around so many countries that are fairly active in war. This resolution would greatly increase Turkmenistan’s security and safety. It also allows other countries to ensure ability to trade and travel. Turkmenistan doesn’t believe that nuclear weapons should be used to transgress fear on people. Making sure that economic and political sanctions would be placed on those not party to the Non-Nuclear Proliferation treaty would mean that other countries would be held to the same expectations as Turkmenistan and that is one thing that they need very much.
Works Cited
Idrissov, Erlan. "A New Step Forward to Greater Regional and Global Security - The Astana Times." The Astana Times. N.p., 12 May 2014. Web. 14 Apr. 2015.
Kari Kongsore
ReplyDeleteMr. Yamada
Section 14
Position Paper
3.30.15
Ukraine’s Nuclear Issue
Ever since Ukraine separated from the Soviet Union and the end of the cold war, there has been constant conflict between them and their powerful neighbor. Russia’s hunger for dominance has led Ukraine and many other countries to sign The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. This Treaty limits spread of Nuclear weapons to any countries with access to nuclear power. Five states were permitted with use of their own nuclear weapons; the United States, Russia(Originally the soviet union), France, China, and the United Kingdom. When the treaty first opened, these countries were the only one’s possessing such extreme weapons. Presently, with more countries wanting to develop their own Weapons of Mass Destruction, more countries were encouraged to sign the treaty; including Ukraine, who was persuaded by Russia to sign.
Ukraine argues that if Russia didn’t exceed in convincing them to agree getting rid of their Nuclear weapons, Russia would have used their aggression toward Ukraine and their WMD possibly starting even worse conflict. Since Ukraine has removed their Nuclear weapons, there have be doubt by the political leaders that is was a huge mistake negotiating with Russia. Ukraine doesn’t support Nuclear Proliferation, because the uncertainty of not being prepared if they’d ever go into Nuclear war and being equipped with the proper armory. At the Eurasian Conference, Ukraine will be discussing with other countries who are in a position that, consented to signing the Nuclear Non-Proliferation treaty and no longer agree with outlines on what they can and can’t do with Nuclear power.
Resources:
"5 Russian Nuclear "Weapons" of War the West Should Fear." The National Interest. N.p., Feb. 2015. Web. 02 Apr. 2015.
"Nuclear Proliferation:." Nuclear Proliferation:. Wade Powell, 9 Feb. 2015. Web. 02 Apr. 2015.
Sara Godwin
ReplyDeleteMr. Yamada
IHS History
April 1, 2015
The Philippines on Nuclear Proliferation
As of April 2nd, 2015, the country of the Philippines supports nuclear non-proliferation with the exception of nuclear power plants.
The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty is meant to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons, and to ensure that, basically, no countries start dropping nuclear bombs on their neighbors by abolishing research of nuclear energy. It would be in the best interests of the Philippines, who prefer to avoid conflict, if a ban was placed on bomb development, but the country also requires nuclear power plants to support the population. They aren’t developing weapons themselves, and so have no problem with the treaty aside from being unable to run their power plants.
Nuclear power is an important recent development and cannot be simply discarded along with its more violent implications. Many growing countries depend on it to run their homes and businesses, and asking them to throw away their power source and part of their economy for fear they’ll somehow transfer that research to developing weapons is kind of ridiculous. However, countering nuclear wars is a necessity, just perhaps not to this extent.
Works Cited:
Lee-Brago, Pia. “Phl Pushes for Nuke Non-Proliferation Treaty.” Philstar.com. The Philippine
Star, 17 Nov. 2010. Web. 1 Apr. 2015.
Seth Wilson
ReplyDeleteSri Lanka
Suzie McLauchlin
South Eugene High School
14 April, 2015
Sri Lanka and Nuclear Proliferation
As of 17 April, 2015, the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka supports the 3rd Pillar, “The Right to Peacefully Use Nuclear Technology.”
Sri Lanka supports the peaceful use of nuclear technology. It is a member of the Conference of Disarmament, and considers nuclear weapons a threat to humanity. However, it plans to have a nuclear power plant completed by 2030.
This issue could be resolved at the Eurasian Conference by making alliances with other anti-nuclear weapons countries against those with nuclear weapons.
Maya Huter
ReplyDeleteSuzie McLauchlin
Position Paper
April 12, 2015
Saudi Arabia: Nuclear Proliferation
As of April 12, 2015, The Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia supports non-proliferation on the issue of nuclear proliferation.
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia currently supports the idea of a nuclear weapon-free Middle East. In 1988, Saudi Arabia signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation treaty, and there is no known or convincing evidence available suggesting that Saudi Arabia is in possession of nuclear weapons. Although the kingdom is in full support of a peaceful Middle East, several countries including Israel, Iraq and specifically Iran are a potential concern to the safety of Saudi Arabia. In the case that Iran were to acquire the proper nuclear technology to cause a threat to Saudi Arabia, the Saudis would feel the need to match the Iranian’s nuclear infrastructure in order to protect themselves. Acquiring nuclear weapons from other countries like Pakistan for protection would be the Saudi’s last resort in case of true emergency, since Saudi Arabia’s ultimate goal is a peaceful Middle East free of nuclear weapons.
In attempts to resolve this issue, the world as a whole should be focusing on the true meaning behind the Nuclear non-proliferation treaty: limiting the global spread of nuclear weapons. We should focus on implementing equal and fair policies regarding nuclear proliferation for all countries excluding the five nuclear weapon states (The United States, The United Kingdom, France, Russia and China), to insure that the spread of nuclear weapons does not continue at an increasing rate. Nuclear weapons pose a threat to many countries around the world, especially those in the Middle East. The world should be focusing on resolving this issue because it is a step towards reaching the ultimate goal of peace and safety among all nations.
Works Cited
Lippman, Thomas W. "Nuclear Weapons and Saudi Strategy." Saudi-Us Relations. 9 Feb. 2008. Web. 10 Apr. 2015. .
"Military Threats to Israel: Signatories to the Treaty on The Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT)." Jewish Virtual Library. The American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise, Oct. 2013. Web. 11 Apr. 2015.
Henderson, Simon. "Saudi Arabia and Pakistan may have just renewed a secret nuclear weapons pact." Business Insider. The Washington Institute For Near East Policy, 4 Feb. 2015. Web. 12 Apr. 2015. .
TheTower.Org Staff, . "10 Things You Need to Know about Iran's Nuclear Weapons Program- The Tower." The Tower. CItyMedia, 6 Nov. 2014. Web. 11 Apr. 2015. .
Spencer Templeman
ReplyDelete3-30-2014
Period 1-2 Global History IHS
Kyle Yamada
Nuclear Proliferation in the Netherlands
As of March 30th 2014, the country of The Netherlands supports the growth and expansion of the use of nuclear energy. The proliferation of nuclear energy has become increasingly important for the country of the Netherlands. The Netherlands uses nuclear energy for two reasons and two reasons only: medicinal and economical purposes. However, the Netherlands is a very peaceful country and is considered to have a clean reputation with other countries, as no country has a problem with the use of nuclear energy in the Netherlands. To prove that they will only use nuclear energy for medicinal and economical purposes, the main nuclear power plant is protected by 250 million euros worth of equipment, and also allows annual reports on their plants to show clarity in the purposes of their nuclear energy proliferation; methods otherwise would make other countries skeptical to The Netherlands use of nuclear resources (e.g. nuclear warheads). Nuclear resources used as weaponry is absolutely prohibited to the Netherlands as they have signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty in regards to the misuse of nuclear energy for malicious purposes.
At the conference, the Netherlands will be in support of a solution that prohibits nuclear resources to be used as warheads or weaponry. The use of nuclear resources must only be used for energy purposes. The Netherlands does not condone use otherwise and will not support or make treaties with countries that promote the use of nuclear resources with any other intention than energy.
Logan Levitt
ReplyDeleteEurasian Conference
Suzie McLauchlin
Russia: Nuclear Proliferation.
As of April 16th, 2015, the country of Russia, supports non-proliferation, disarmament, and the right to peacefully use nuclear technology on the issue of Nuclear Proliferation. Russia, then the Soviet Union, signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation treaty in 1988. Russia has since been committed to disarmament and safe disposal of it's nuclear arsenal. Russia has Russia is one of the Nuclear weapons states allowed under the Non-Proliferation treaty. Starting from 1991, Russia has decreased their nuclear weapons arsenal from more than 10,000 to around 1600, with the eventual goal of reducing that to 800. Russia has signed an agreement with the United States whereby they dilute Highly Enriched Uranium with non-fissile isotopes and sell it the US to be made into nuclear power reactor fuel. Russia is also committed to increasing security around weapons-grade nuclear materials. Russia is also committed to using nuclear energy in a safe manner, for nuclear power plants. Currently, Russia has plans for over 20 nuclear reactors for construction or export.
Works Cited:
"Nuclear Power in Russia."World Nuclear Association. Web. 16 Apr. 2015. .
http://www.armscontrol.ru/pubs/en/russian-non-proliferation-efforts.pdf
Alexis Miller
ReplyDeleteMme Susie
Eurasian Conference Position Paper
April 16, 2015
Lebanon on Nuclear Proliferation
As of April 16, 2015 the country of Lebanon, supports non-proliferation on the issue of nuclear proliferation.
Lebanon was one of the first countries to sign the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) on July 1st, 1968. At the time there was only five states to possess nuclear weapons, China, France, Russia, United Kingdom, and the United States. None of these posed much of a threat to Lebanon. At a NPT conference meeting held at the United Nations Headquarters the representative for Lebanon, Mr. Moubarak, said, “The realization of peace in the Middle East remains [Lebanon’s] primary objective.” Lebanon also fully believes that countries (mainly referring to Israel) that are not a part of the NPT should be held to the same standards as countries that have signed the treaty. With concerns for the safety of the region and beyond, Lebanon would not hesitate to break this treaty if Israel's possession of nuclear weapons becomes a threat. As of now Lebanon is very interested in peaceful use of nuclear technology and non-proliferation, but will not accept the unfair application of treaty rules for Israel.
Lebanon believes it is in the Eurasian Conference's best interest to resolve this issue in accordance to Lebanon’s views. Nuclear technology can be very helpful if used peacefully between all parties, but if there are no consequences for countries that are not signed under the treaty and that pose a threat to other countries, the spread of nuclear weapons will only increase. Peace in the Middle East should be of interest to all countries at the Eurasian Conference, and agreeing to non-proliferation will help obtain this goal.
Work Cited:
"NPT Documents." UN News Center. UN. Web. 16 Apr. 2015. .
Camas Myers
ReplyDeleteMr. Yamada
IHS Global History
30 March, 2015
Nuclear Proliferation in Vietnam
As of 30 March 2015, the country of Vietnam, supports nuclear disarmament on the issue of nuclear proliferation.
Vietnam’s foreign minister has affirmed Vietnam’s support of nuclear disarmament. Vietnam was one of the first countries to sign the CTBT in 1996. Vietnam’s leaders have made efforts to prepare for the implementation of CTBT. Vietnam is attempting to promote the Treaty on SE Asia Nuclear Weapons Free Zone. Vietnam’s opinion could both create enemies with countries who have opposing views and create allies with countries who have similar views on this issue.
The Eurasian Conference should resolve this issue by agreeing on complete nuclear disarmament because it secures the safety of the people. Nuclear weapons can be potentially incredibly harmful to a mass population of people. Vietnam and many other countries would like to keep their country safe and don’t want to have to worry about getting attacked by nuclear weapons.
Works Cited
N.p., n.d. Web. .